diff --git a/03 Animal/python/animal.py b/03 Animal/python/animal.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..65263917 --- /dev/null +++ b/03 Animal/python/animal.py @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +######################################################## +# +# Animal +# +# From: Basic computer Games(1978) +# +# Unlike other computer games in which the computer +# picks a number or letter and you must guess what it is, +# in this game you think of an animal and the computer asks +# you questions and tries to guess the name of your animal. +# If the computer guesses incorrectly, it will ask you for a +# question that differentiates the animal it guessed +# from the one you were thinking of. In this way the +# computer "learns" new animals. Questions to differentiate +# new animals should be input without a question mark. +# This version of the game does not have a SAVE feature. +# If your sistem allows, you may modify the program to +# save array A$, then reload the array when you want +# to play the game again. This way you can save what the +# computer learns over a series of games. +# At any time if you reply 'LIST' to the question "ARE YOU +# THINKING OF AN ANIMAL", the computer will tell you all the +# animals it knows so far. +# The program starts originally by knowing only FISH and BIRD. +# As you build up a file of animals you should use broad, +# general questions first and then narrow down to more specific +# ones with later animals. For example, If an elephant was to be +# your first animal, the computer would ask for a question to distinguish +# an elephant from a bird. Naturally there are hundreds of possibilities, +# however, if you plan to build a large file of animals a good question +# would be "IS IT A MAMAL". +# This program can be easily modified to deal with categories of +# things other than animals by simply modifying the initial data +# in Line 530 and the dialogue references to animal in Lines 10, +# 40, 50, 130, 230, 240 and 600. In an educational environment, this +# would be a valuable program to teach the distinguishing chacteristics +# of many classes of objects -- rock formations, geography, marine life, +# cell structures, etc. +# Originally developed by Arthur Luehrmann at Dartmouth College, +# Animal was subsequently shortened and modified by Nathan Teichholtz at +# DEC and Steve North at Creative Computing +# +######################################################## + + +class Node: + """ + Node of the binary tree of questions. + """ + + def __init__(self, text, yes_node, no_node): + # the nodes that are leafs have as text the animal's name, otherwise + # a yes/no question + self.text = text + self.yes_node = yes_node + self.no_node = no_node + + def update_node(self, new_question, answer_new_ques, new_animal): + # update the leaf with a question + old_animal = self.text + # we replace the animal with a new question + self.text = new_question + + if answer_new_ques == 'y': + self.yes_node = Node(new_animal, None, None) + self.no_node = Node(old_animal, None, None) + else: + self.yes_node = Node(old_animal, None, None) + self.no_node = Node(new_animal, None, None) + + # the leafs have as children None + def is_leaf(self): + return self.yes_node == None and self.no_node == None + + +def list_known_animals(root_node): + # Traversing the tree by recursion until we reach the leafs + if root_node == None: + return + + if root_node.is_leaf(): + print(root_node.text, end=' '*11) + return + + if root_node.yes_node: + list_known_animals(root_node.yes_node) + + if root_node.no_node: + list_known_animals(root_node.no_node) + + +def parse_input(message, check_list, root_node): + # only accepts yes or no inputs and recognizes list operation + correct_input = False + while not correct_input: + try: + inp = input(message) + + if check_list and inp.lower() == 'list': + print('Animals I already know are:') + list_known_animals(root_node) + print('\n') + + token = inp[0].lower() + if token == 'y' or token == 'n': + correct_input = True + except IndexError: + pass + + return token + + +def avoid_void_input(message): + answer = '' + while answer == '': + answer = input(message) + return answer + + +def initial_message(): + print(' '*32 + 'Animal') + print(' '*15 + 'Creative Computing Morristown, New Jersey\n') + print('Play ´Guess the Animal´') + print('Think of an animal and the computer will try to guess it.\n') + + +# Initial tree +yes_child = Node('Fish', None, None) +no_child = Node('Bird', None, None) +root = Node('Does it swim?', yes_child, no_child) + +# Main loop of game +initial_message() +keep_playing = parse_input( + 'Are you thinking of an animal? ', True, root) == 'y' +while keep_playing: + keep_asking = True + # Start traversing the tree by the root + actual_node = root + + while keep_asking: + + if not actual_node.is_leaf(): + # we have to keep asking i.e. traversing nodes + answer = parse_input(actual_node.text, False, None) + + if answer == 'y': + actual_node = actual_node.yes_node + else: + actual_node = actual_node.no_node + else: + # we have reached a possible answer + answer = parse_input('Is it a {}? '.format( + actual_node.text), False, None) + if answer == 'n': + # add the new animal to the tree + new_animal = avoid_void_input( + 'The animal you were thinking of was a ? ') + new_question = avoid_void_input( + 'Please type in a question that would distinguish a {} from a {}: '.format(new_animal, actual_node.text)) + answer_new_question = parse_input( + 'for a {} the answer would be: '.format(new_animal), False, None) + + actual_node.update_node( + new_question+'?', answer_new_question, new_animal) + + else: + print("Why not try another animal?") + + keep_asking = False + + keep_playing = parse_input( + 'Are you thinking of an animal? ', True, root) == 'y' + + +######################################################## +# Porting Notes +# +# The data structure used for storing questions and +# animals is a binary tree where each non-leaf node +# has a question, while the leafs store the animals. +# +# As the original program, this program doesn't store +# old questions and animals. A good modification would +# be to add a database to store the tree. +# Also as the original program, this one can be easily +# modified to not only make guesses about animals, by +# modyfing the initial data of the tree, the questions +# that are asked to the user and the initial message +# function (Lines 120 to 130, 135, 158, 160, 168, 173) + +########################################################