Python: Add type annotations

00_Utilities/python/ci-requirements.in

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ pytest
 flake8
 flake8-bugbear
 flake8-comprehensions
+flake8_implicit_str_concat
 mypy

01_Acey_Ducey/python/aceyducey.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def display_bankroll(bank_roll: int) -> None:
         print("You now have %s dollars\n" % bank_roll)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Display initial title and instructions
     print("\n           Acey Ducey Card Game")
     print("Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey")

02_Amazing/python/test_amazing.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import pytest
 from amazing import build_maze, welcome_header
 
 
-def test_welcome_header(capsys):
-    assert welcome_header() is None
+def test_welcome_header(capsys) -> None:
+    welcome_header()
     out, err = capsys.readouterr()
     assert out == (
         "                            AMAZING PROGRAM\n"
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ def test_welcome_header(capsys):
         (2, 1),
     ],
 )
-def test_build_maze(width, length):
+def test_build_maze(width: int, length: int) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
         build_maze(width, length)

03_Animal/python/test_animal.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from animal import initial_message
 
 
-def test_initial_message():
+def test_initial_message() -> None:
     initial_message()

04_Awari/python/awari.py

@@ -70,17 +70,18 @@ Ported by Dave LeCompte
 # - store history to a file on disk (or in the cloud!) to allow the AI
 #   to learn over more than a single session
 
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
 
-game_number = 0
-move_count = 0
-losing_book = []
+game_number: int = 0
+move_count: int = 0
+losing_book: List[int] = []
 n = 0
 
 MAX_HISTORY = 9
 LOSING_BOOK_SIZE = 50
 
 
-def print_with_tab(space_count, msg):
+def print_with_tab(space_count: int, msg: str) -> None:
     if space_count > 0:
         spaces = " " * space_count
     else:
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ def print_with_tab(space_count, msg):
     print(spaces + msg)
 
 
-def draw_pit(line, board, pit_index):
+def draw_pit(line: str, board, pit_index) -> str:
     val = board[pit_index]
     line = line + " "
     if val < 10:
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ def draw_pit(line, board, pit_index):
     return line
 
 
-def draw_board(board):
+def draw_board(board) -> None:
     print()
 
     # Draw the top (computer) pits
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ def draw_board(board):
     print()
 
 
-def play_game(board):
+def play_game(board: List[int]) -> None:
     # Place the beginning stones
     for i in range(0, 13):
         board[i] = 3
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ def play_game(board):
     game_over(board)
 
 
-def computer_move(msg, board):
+def computer_move(msg: str, board) -> Tuple[int, bool, int, str]:
     # This function does a two-ply lookahead evaluation; one computer
     # move plus one human move.
     #
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ def computer_move(msg, board):
             # penalize that move.
             for prev_game_number in range(game_number):
                 if losing_book[game_number] * 6 + move_digit == int(
-                    losing_book[prev_game_number] / 6 ^ (7 - move_count) + 0.1
+                    losing_book[prev_game_number] / 6 ^ (7 - move_count) + 0.1  # type: ignore
                 ):
                     computer_move_quality -= 2
 
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ def computer_move(msg, board):
     return move_number, is_still_going, home, msg
 
 
-def game_over(board):
+def game_over(board) -> None:
     print()
     print("GAME OVER")
 
@@ -282,13 +283,13 @@ def game_over(board):
             print(f"YOU WIN BY {pit_difference} POINTS")
 
 
-def do_capture(m, home, board):
+def do_capture(m, home, board) -> None:
     board[home] += board[12 - m] + 1
     board[m] = 0
     board[12 - m] = 0
 
 
-def do_move(m, home, board):
+def do_move(m, home, board) -> int:
     move_stones = board[m]
     board[m] = 0
 
@@ -302,15 +303,15 @@ def do_move(m, home, board):
     return m
 
 
-def player_has_stones(board):
+def player_has_stones(board) -> bool:
     return any(board[i] > 0 for i in range(6))
 
 
-def computer_has_stones(board):
+def computer_has_stones(board: Dict[int, int]) -> bool:
     return any(board[i] > 0 for i in range(7, 13))
 
 
-def execute_move(move, home, board):
+def execute_move(move, home: int, board) -> Tuple[int, bool, int]:
     move_digit = move
     last_location = do_move(move, home, board)
 
@@ -337,12 +338,12 @@ def execute_move(move, home, board):
     return last_location, is_still_going, home
 
 
-def player_move_again(board):
+def player_move_again(board) -> Tuple[int, bool, int]:
     print("AGAIN")
     return player_move(board)
 
 
-def player_move(board):
+def player_move(board) -> Tuple[int, bool, int]:
     while True:
         print("SELECT MOVE 1-6")
         m = int(input()) - 1
@@ -360,7 +361,7 @@ def player_move(board):
     return ending_spot, is_still_going, home
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(34, "AWARI")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

05_Bagels/python/bagels.py

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def get_valid_guess(guesses: int) -> str:
     return guess
 
 
-def build_result_string(num: List[str], guess: str):
+def build_result_string(num: List[str], guess: str) -> str:
     result = ""
 
     # Correct digits in wrong place
@@ -105,10 +105,7 @@ def build_result_string(num: List[str], guess: str):
     return result
 
 
-######################################################################
-
-
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Intro text
     print("\n                Bagels")
     print("Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey")

05_Bagels/python/test_bagels.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from bagels import build_result_string
 
 
-def test_build_result_string():
+def test_build_result_string() -> None:
     build_result_string(["a", "b", "c"], "abc")

06_Banner/python/banner.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ letters = {
 }
 
 
-def print_banner():
+def print_banner() -> None:
     f = [0] * 7
     j = [0] * 9
 
@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ def print_banner():
         g1 = 1
     mStr = input("Character (type 'ALL' if you want character being printed) ").upper()
     aStr = input("Statement ")
-    # This means to prepare printer, just press Enter
-    input("Set page ")
+
+    input("Set page ")  # This means to prepare printer, just press Enter
+
     for lStr in aStr:
         s = letters[lStr].copy()
         xStr = mStr

06_Banner/python/test_banner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import io
+
+from banner import print_banner
+
+
+def test_print_banner(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    horizontal = "1"
+    vertical = "1"
+    centered = "1"
+    char = "*"
+    statement = "O"  # only capital letters
+    set_page = "2"
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "sys.stdin",
+        io.StringIO(
+            f"{horizontal}\n{vertical}\n{centered}\n{char}\n{statement}\n{set_page}"
+        ),
+    )
+    print_banner()

07_Basketball/python/basketball.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import random
+from typing import Optional
 
 # The basketball class is a computer game that allows you to play as
 # Dartmouth College's captain and playmaker
@@ -7,14 +8,13 @@ import random
 
 
 class Basketball:
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.time = 0
         self.score = [0, 0]  # first value is opponents score, second is home
-        self.defense = None
         self.defense_choices = [6, 6.5, 7, 7.5]
-        self.shot = None
+        self.shot: Optional[int] = None
         self.shot_choices = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
-        self.z1 = None
+        self.z1: Optional[float] = None
 
         # Explains the keyboard inputs
         print("\t\t\t Basketball")
@@ -32,21 +32,7 @@ class Basketball:
         print("To change defense, just type 0 as your next shot.")
         print("Your starting defense will be? ", end="")
 
-        # takes input for a defense
-        try:
-            self.defense = float(input())
-
-        except ValueError:
-            self.defense = None
-
-        # if the input wasn't a valid defense, takes input again
-        while self.defense not in self.defense_choices:
-            print("Your new defensive allignment is? ", end="")
-            try:
-                self.defense = float(input())
-
-            except ValueError:
-                continue
+        self.defense = get_defense(self.defense_choices)
 
         # takes input for opponent's name
         print("\nChoose your opponent? ", end="")
@@ -56,29 +42,30 @@ class Basketball:
 
     # adds points to the score
     # team can take 0 or 1, for opponent or Dartmouth, respectively
-    def add_points(self, team, points):
+    def add_points(self, team, points) -> None:
         self.score[team] += points
         self.print_score()
 
-    def ball_passed_back(self):
+    def ball_passed_back(self) -> None:
         print("Ball passed back to you. ", end="")
         self.dartmouth_ball()
 
     # change defense, called when the user enters 0 for their shot
-    def change_defense(self):
-        self.defense = None
+    def change_defense(self) -> None:
+        defense = None
 
-        while self.defense not in self.defense_choices:
+        while defense not in self.defense_choices:
             print("Your new defensive allignment is? ")
             try:
-                self.defense = float(input())
-
+                defense = float(input())
             except ValueError:
                 continue
+        assert isinstance(defense, float)
+        self.defense = defense
         self.dartmouth_ball()
 
     # simulates two foul shots for a player and adds the points
-    def foul_shots(self, team):
+    def foul_shots(self, team) -> None:
         print("Shooter fouled.  Two shots.")
         if random.random() > 0.49:
             if random.random() > 0.75:
@@ -93,17 +80,17 @@ class Basketball:
         self.print_score()
 
     # called when t = 50, starts a new period
-    def halftime(self):
+    def halftime(self) -> None:
         print("\n   ***** End of first half *****\n")
         self.print_score()
         self.start_of_period()
 
     # prints the current score
-    def print_score(self):
+    def print_score(self) -> None:
         print("Score:  " + str(self.score[1]) + " to " + str(self.score[0]) + "\n")
 
     # simulates a center jump for posession at the beginning of a period
-    def start_of_period(self):
+    def start_of_period(self) -> None:
         print("Center jump")
         if random.random() > 0.6:
             print("Dartmouth controls the tap.\n")
@@ -113,11 +100,11 @@ class Basketball:
             self.opponent_ball()
 
     # called when t = 92
-    def two_minute_warning(self):
+    def two_minute_warning(self) -> None:
         print("   *** Two minutes left in the game ***")
 
     # called when the user enters 1 or 2 for their shot
-    def dartmouth_jump_shot(self):
+    def dartmouth_jump_shot(self) -> None:
         self.time += 1
         if self.time == 50:
             self.halftime()
@@ -171,7 +158,7 @@ class Basketball:
 
     # called when the user enters 0, 3, or 4
     # lay up, set shot, or defense change
-    def dartmouth_non_jump_shot(self):
+    def dartmouth_non_jump_shot(self) -> None:
         self.time += 1
         if self.time == 50:
             self.halftime()
@@ -216,20 +203,22 @@ class Basketball:
             self.opponent_ball()
 
     # plays out a Dartmouth posession, starting with your choice of shot
-    def dartmouth_ball(self):
+    def dartmouth_ball(self) -> None:
         print("Your shot? ", end="")
-        self.shot = None
+        shot = None
         try:
-            self.shot = int(input())
+            shot = int(input())
         except ValueError:
-            self.shot = None
+            shot = None
 
-        while self.shot not in self.shot_choices:
+        while shot not in self.shot_choices:
             print("Incorrect answer. Retype it. Your shot? ", end="")
             try:
-                self.shot = int(input())
+                shot = int(input())
             except Exception:
                 continue
+        assert isinstance(shot, int)
+        self.shot = shot
 
         if self.time < 100 or random.random() < 0.5:
             if self.shot == 1 or self.shot == 2:
@@ -263,7 +252,7 @@ class Basketball:
                 self.start_of_period()
 
     # simulates the opponents jumpshot
-    def opponent_jumpshot(self):
+    def opponent_jumpshot(self) -> None:
         print("Jump Shot.")
         if 8 / self.defense * random.random() > 0.35:
             if 8 / self.defense * random.random() > 0.75:
@@ -304,8 +293,8 @@ class Basketball:
             self.dartmouth_ball()
 
     # simulates opponents lay up or set shot
-    def opponent_non_jumpshot(self):
-        if self.z1 > 3:
+    def opponent_non_jumpshot(self) -> None:
+        if self.z1 > 3:  # type: ignore
             print("Set shot.")
         else:
             print("Lay up")
@@ -342,7 +331,7 @@ class Basketball:
 
     # simulates an opponents possesion
     # #randomly picks jump shot or lay up / set shot.
-    def opponent_ball(self):
+    def opponent_ball(self) -> None:
         self.time += 1
         if self.time == 50:
             self.halftime()
@@ -353,5 +342,23 @@ class Basketball:
             self.opponent_jumpshot()
 
 
+def get_defense(defense_choices) -> float:
+    # takes input for a defense
+    try:
+        defense = float(input())
+    except ValueError:
+        defense = None
+
+    # if the input wasn't a valid defense, takes input again
+    while defense not in defense_choices:
+        print("Your new defensive allignment is? ", end="")
+        try:
+            defense = float(input())
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+    assert isinstance(defense, float)
+    return defense
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     Basketball()

08_Batnum/python/batnum.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from enum import Enum
+from typing import Tuple, Union
 
 
 class WinOptions(Enum):
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ class StartOptions(Enum):
     PlayerFirst = 2
 
 
-def PrintIntro():
+def print_intro() -> None:
     """Prints out the introduction and rules for the game."""
     print("BATNUM".rjust(33, " "))
     print("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISSTOWN, NEW JERSEY".rjust(15, " "))
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def PrintIntro():
     return
 
 
-def GetParams():
+def get_params() -> Tuple[int, int, int, int, int]:
     """This requests the necessary parameters to play the game.
 
     Returns a set with the five game parameters:
@@ -45,26 +46,30 @@ def GetParams():
         winOption - 1 if the goal is to take the last object
                     or 2 if the goal is to not take the last object
     """
-    pileSize = 0
-    winOption = WinOptions.Undefined
-    minSelect = 0
-    maxSelect = 0
-    startOption = StartOptions.Undefined
+    pile_size = 0
+    win_option: Union[WinOptions, int] = WinOptions.Undefined
+    min_select = 0
+    max_select = 0
+    start_option: Union[StartOptions, int] = StartOptions.Undefined
 
-    while pileSize < 1:
-        pileSize = int(input("ENTER PILE SIZE "))
-    while winOption == WinOptions.Undefined:
-        winOption = int(input("ENTER WIN OPTION - 1 TO TAKE LAST, 2 TO AVOID LAST: "))
-    while minSelect < 1 or maxSelect < 1 or minSelect > maxSelect:
-        (minSelect, maxSelect) = (
+    while pile_size < 1:
+        pile_size = int(input("ENTER PILE SIZE "))
+    while win_option == WinOptions.Undefined:
+        win_option = int(input("ENTER WIN OPTION - 1 TO TAKE LAST, 2 TO AVOID LAST: "))
+    assert isinstance(win_option, int)
+    while min_select < 1 or max_select < 1 or min_select > max_select:
+        (min_select, max_select) = (
             int(x) for x in input("ENTER MIN AND MAX ").split(" ")
         )
-    while startOption == StartOptions.Undefined:
-        startOption = int(input("ENTER START OPTION - 1 COMPUTER FIRST, 2 YOU FIRST "))
-    return (pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption)
+    while start_option == StartOptions.Undefined:
+        start_option = int(input("ENTER START OPTION - 1 COMPUTER FIRST, 2 YOU FIRST "))
+    assert isinstance(start_option, int)
+    return (pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option)
 
 
-def PlayerMove(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
+def player_move(
+    pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option
+) -> Tuple[bool, int]:
     """This handles the player's turn - asking the player how many objects
     to take and doing some basic validation around that input.  Then it
     checks for any win conditions.
@@ -75,36 +80,38 @@ def PlayerMove(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
         playerMove = int(input("YOUR MOVE "))
         if playerMove == 0:
             print("I TOLD YOU NOT TO USE ZERO!  COMPUTER WINS BY FORFEIT.")
-            return (True, pileSize)
-        if playerMove > maxSelect or playerMove < minSelect:
+            return (True, pile_size)
+        if playerMove > max_select or playerMove < min_select:
             print("ILLEGAL MOVE, REENTER IT")
             continue
-        pileSize = pileSize - playerMove
+        pile_size = pile_size - playerMove
         playerDone = True
-        if pileSize <= 0:
-            if winOption == WinOptions.AvoidLast:
+        if pile_size <= 0:
+            if win_option == WinOptions.AvoidLast:
                 print("TOUGH LUCK, YOU LOSE.")
             else:
                 print("CONGRATULATIONS, YOU WIN.")
-            return (True, pileSize)
-    return (False, pileSize)
+            return (True, pile_size)
+    return (False, pile_size)
 
 
-def ComputerPick(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
+def computer_pick(pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option) -> int:
     """This handles the logic to determine how many objects the computer
     will select on its turn.
     """
-    q = pileSize - 1 if winOption == WinOptions.AvoidLast else pileSize
-    c = minSelect + maxSelect
-    computerPick = q - (c * int(q / c))
-    if computerPick < minSelect:
-        computerPick = minSelect
-    if computerPick > maxSelect:
-        computerPick = maxSelect
-    return computerPick
+    q = pile_size - 1 if win_option == WinOptions.AvoidLast else pile_size
+    c = min_select + max_select
+    computer_pick = q - (c * int(q / c))
+    if computer_pick < min_select:
+        computer_pick = min_select
+    if computer_pick > max_select:
+        computer_pick = max_select
+    return computer_pick
 
 
-def ComputerMove(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
+def computer_move(
+    pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option
+) -> Tuple[bool, int]:
     """This handles the computer's turn - first checking for the various
     win/lose conditions and then calculating how many objects
     the computer will take.
@@ -114,47 +121,45 @@ def ComputerMove(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
     # In this case, we win by taking the last object and
     # the remaining pile is less than max select
     # so the computer can grab them all and win
-    if winOption == WinOptions.TakeLast and pileSize <= maxSelect:
-        print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {pileSize} AND WINS.")
-        return (True, pileSize)
+    if win_option == WinOptions.TakeLast and pile_size <= max_select:
+        print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {pile_size} AND WINS.")
+        return (True, pile_size)
     # In this case, we lose by taking the last object and
     # the remaining pile is less than minsize and the computer
     # has to take all of them.
-    if winOption == WinOptions.AvoidLast and pileSize <= minSelect:
-        print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {minSelect} AND LOSES.")
-        return (True, pileSize)
+    if win_option == WinOptions.AvoidLast and pile_size <= min_select:
+        print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {min_select} AND LOSES.")
+        return (True, pile_size)
 
     # Otherwise, we determine how many the computer selects
-    currSel = ComputerPick(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption)
-    pileSize = pileSize - currSel
-    print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {currSel} AND LEAVES {pileSize}")
-    return (False, pileSize)
+    currSel = computer_pick(pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option)
+    pile_size = pile_size - currSel
+    print(f"COMPUTER TAKES {currSel} AND LEAVES {pile_size}")
+    return (False, pile_size)
 
 
-def PlayGame(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption):
+def play_game(pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option) -> None:
     """This is the main game loop - repeating each turn until one
     of the win/lose conditions is met.
     """
-    gameOver = False
+    game_over = False
     # playersTurn is a boolean keeping track of whether it's the
     # player's or computer's turn
-    playersTurn = startOption == StartOptions.PlayerFirst
+    players_turn = start_option == StartOptions.PlayerFirst
 
-    while not gameOver:
-        if playersTurn:
-            (gameOver, pileSize) = PlayerMove(
-                pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption
+    while not game_over:
+        if players_turn:
+            (game_over, pile_size) = player_move(
+                pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option
             )
-            playersTurn = False
-            if gameOver:
+            players_turn = False
+            if game_over:
                 return
-        if not playersTurn:
-            (gameOver, pileSize) = ComputerMove(
-                pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption
+        if not players_turn:
+            (game_over, pile_size) = computer_move(
+                pile_size, min_select, max_select, start_option, win_option
             )
-            playersTurn = True
-
-    return
+            players_turn = True
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -168,7 +173,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     startOption = 0
 
     while True:
-        PrintIntro()
-        (pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption) = GetParams()
+        print_intro()
+        (pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption) = get_params()
         # Just keep playing the game until the user kills it with ctrl-C
-        PlayGame(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption)
+        play_game(pileSize, minSelect, maxSelect, startOption, winOption)

09_Battle/python/battle.py

@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@ def get_next_target(sea: SeaType) -> PointType:
     while True:
         try:
             guess = input("? ")
-            point = guess.split(",")
+            point_str_list = guess.split(",")
 
-            if len(point) != 2:
+            if len(point_str_list) != 2:
                 raise ValueError()
 
-            point = (int(point[0]), int(point[1]))
+            point = (int(point_str_list[0]), int(point_str_list[1]))
 
             if not is_within_sea(point, sea):
                 raise ValueError()
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def get_next_target(sea: SeaType) -> PointType:
             )
 
 
-def setup_ships(sea: SeaType):
+def setup_ships(sea: SeaType) -> None:
     place_ship(sea, DESTROYER_LENGTH, 1)
     place_ship(sea, DESTROYER_LENGTH, 2)
     place_ship(sea, CRUISER_LENGTH, 3)

09_Battle/python/battle_oo.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class Vector:
 class Sea:
     WIDTH = 6
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._graph = tuple([0 for _ in range(self.WIDTH)] for _ in range(self.WIDTH))
 
     def _validate_item_indices(self, point: Point) -> None:
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class Sea:
         return True
 
     # Redefines how python will render this object when asked as a str
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         # Display it encoded
         return "\n".join(
             [
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class Battle:
 
             break
 
-    def loop(self):
+    def loop(self) -> None:
         while True:
             target = self._next_target()
             target_value = self.sea[target]
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Battle:
 
             print(f"YOUR CURRENT SPLASH/HIT RATIO IS {self.splash_hit_ratio}")
 
-    def _display_sunk_report(self):
+    def _display_sunk_report(self) -> None:
         print(
             "SO FAR, THE BAD GUYS HAVE LOST",
             f"{self.sea.count_sunk(1, 2)} DESTROYER(S),",
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class Battle:
             f"AND {self.sea.count_sunk(5, 6)} AIRCRAFT CARRIER(S).",
         )
 
-    def _display_game_end(self):
+    def _display_game_end(self) -> None:
         print(
             "YOU HAVE TOTALLY WIPED OUT THE BAD GUYS' FLEET "
             f"WITH A FINAL SPLASH/HIT RATIO OF {self.splash_hit_ratio}"

11_Bombardment/python/bombardment.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import random
 from functools import partial
+from typing import Callable, List, Set
 
 
-def display_intro():
+def display_intro() -> None:
     print("" * 33 + "BOMBARDMENT")
     print("" * 15 + " CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print("\n\n")
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ def display_intro():
     print("\n" * 4)
 
 
-def display_field():
+def display_field() -> None:
     for row in range(5):
         initial = row * 5 + 1
         print("\t".join([str(initial + column) for column in range(5)]))
@@ -31,22 +32,22 @@ def display_field():
     print("\n" * 9)
 
 
-def positions_list():
+def positions_list() -> List[int]:
     return list(range(1, 26, 1))
 
 
-def generate_enemy_positions():
+def generate_enemy_positions() -> Set[int]:
     """Randomly choose 4 'positions' out of a range of 1 to 25"""
     positions = positions_list()
     random.shuffle(positions)
     return set(positions[:4])
 
 
-def is_valid_position(pos):
+def is_valid_position(pos) -> bool:
     return pos in positions_list()
 
 
-def prompt_for_player_positions():
+def prompt_for_player_positions() -> Set[int]:
 
     while True:
         raw_positions = input("WHAT ARE YOUR FOUR POSITIONS? ")
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ def prompt_for_player_positions():
             return positions
 
 
-def prompt_player_for_target():
+def prompt_player_for_target() -> int:
 
     while True:
         target = int(input("WHERE DO YOU WISH TO FIRE YOUR MISSLE? "))
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def prompt_player_for_target():
         return target
 
 
-def attack(target, positions, hit_message, miss_message, progress_messages):
+def attack(target, positions, hit_message, miss_message, progress_messages) -> bool:
     """Performs attack procedure returning True if we are to continue."""
 
     if target in positions:
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ def attack(target, positions, hit_message, miss_message, progress_messages):
     return len(positions) > 0
 
 
-def init_enemy():
+def init_enemy() -> Callable[[], int]:
     """Returns a closure analogous to prompt_player_for_target. Will
     choose from a unique sequence of positions to avoid picking the
     same position twice."""
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def init_enemy():
     random.shuffle(position_sequence)
     position = iter(position_sequence)
 
-    def choose():
+    def choose() -> int:
         return next(position)
 
     return choose
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ ENEMY_PROGRESS_MESSAGES = (
 )
 
 
-def play():
+def play() -> None:
     display_intro()
     display_field()
 

13_Bounce/python/bounce.py

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ A physics simulation
 Ported by Dave LeCompte
 """
 
+from typing import Tuple
 
 PAGE_WIDTH = 64
 
 
-def print_centered(msg):
+def print_centered(msg: str) -> None:
     spaces = " " * ((PAGE_WIDTH - len(msg)) // 2)
     print(spaces + msg)
 
 
-def print_header(title):
+def print_header(title: str) -> None:
     print_centered(title)
     print_centered("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ def print_header(title):
     print()
 
 
-def print_instructions():
+def print_instructions() -> None:
     print("THIS SIMULATION LETS YOU SPECIFY THE INITIAL VELOCITY")
     print("OF A BALL THROWN STRAIGHT UP, AND THE COEFFICIENT OF")
     print("ELASTICITY OF THE BALL.  PLEASE USE A DECIMAL FRACTION")
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ def print_instructions():
     print()
 
 
-def get_initial_conditions():
+def get_initial_conditions() -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
     delta_t = float(input("TIME INCREMENT (SEC)? "))
     print()
     v0 = float(input("VELOCITY (FPS)? "))
@@ -45,12 +46,12 @@ def get_initial_conditions():
     return delta_t, v0, coeff_rest
 
 
-def print_at_tab(line, tab, s):
+def print_at_tab(line: str, tab: int, s: str) -> str:
     line += (" " * (tab - len(line))) + s
     return line
 
 
-def run_simulation(delta_t, v0, coeff_rest):
+def run_simulation(delta_t, v0, coeff_rest) -> None:
     bounce_time = [0] * 20  # time of each bounce
 
     print("FEET")
@@ -61,14 +62,14 @@ def run_simulation(delta_t, v0, coeff_rest):
         bounce_time[i] = v0 * coeff_rest ** (i - 1) / 16
 
     # Draw the trajectory of the bouncing ball, one slice of height at a time
-    h = int(-16 * (v0 / 32) ** 2 + v0**2 / 32 + 0.5)
+    h: float = int(-16 * (v0 / 32) ** 2 + v0**2 / 32 + 0.5)
     while h >= 0:
         line = ""
         if int(h) == h:
             line += str(int(h))
         total_time = 0
         for i in range(1, sim_dur + 1):
-            tm = 0
+            tm: float = 0
             while tm <= bounce_time[i]:
                 total_time += delta_t
                 if (
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def run_simulation(delta_t, v0, coeff_rest):
     print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("BOUNCE")
     print_instructions()
 

14_Bowling/python/bowling.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import random
 
 
-def simulateRoll(pins):
+def simulate_roll(pins) -> None:
     for _ in range(20):
         x = random.randint(0, 14)
         if x < len(pins):
             pins[x] = 1
 
 
-def calculate_score(rolls):
+def calculate_score(rolls) -> int:
     score = 0
     frame = 1
     b = 1
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Player:
         prev_score = 0
         pins = [0] * 10  # reset the pins
         for ball in range(2):
-            simulateRoll(pins)
+            simulate_roll(pins)
             score = sum(pins)
             self.show(pins)
             pin_count = score - prev_score
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class Player:
             for _ball in range(extra):
                 if score == 10:
                     pins = [0] * 10
-                simulateRoll(pins)
+                simulate_roll(pins)
                 score = sum(pins)
                 self.rolls.append(score)
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def centreText(text, width):
     return (" " * ((width - t) // 2)) + text
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(centreText("Bowl", 80))
     print(centreText("CREATIVE COMPUTING MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY", 80))
     print()

16_Bug/python/Bug.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def print_legs(n_legs):
         print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_n_whitespaces(34)
     print("BUG")
     print_n_whitespaces(15)
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ def main():
     print("THE GAME BUG")
     print("I HOPE YOU ENJOY THIS GAME.")
     print()
-    Z = input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")
-    if Z != "NO":
+    want_instructions = input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")
+    if want_instructions != "NO":
         print("THE OBJECT OF BUG IS TO FINISH YOUR BUG BEFORE I FINISH")
         print("MINE. EACH NUMBER STANDS FOR A PART OF THE BUG BODY.")
         print("I WILL ROLL THE DIE FOR YOU, TELL YOU WHAT I ROLLED FOR YOU")
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ def main():
             Y = Y + 2
         if C == 1:
             continue
-        Z = input("DO YOU WANT THE PICTURES? ")
-        if Z != "NO":
+        want_pictures = input("DO YOU WANT THE PICTURES? ")
+        if want_pictures != "NO":
             print("*****YOUR BUG*****")
             print_n_newlines(2)
             if A != 0:

16_Bug/python/bug-overengineered.py

@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ Ported by Peter Sharp
 
 from collections import namedtuple
 from random import randint
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
 PAGE_WIDTH = 64
 
 
-def main(states, data):
+def main(states, data) -> None:
     """
     Starts the game loop using given states and data
 
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     )
 
     # all the data used by the game
-    data = {
+    data: Dict[str, Any] = {
         "state": "start",
         "partNo": None,
         "players": {"YOU": [0] * len(part_types), "I": [0] * len(part_types)},

17_Bullfight/python/Bullfight.py

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 import math
 import random
+from typing import Dict, Union
 
 
-def print_n_whitespaces(n: int):
+def print_n_whitespaces(n: int) -> None:
     print(" " * n, end="")
 
 
-def print_n_newlines(n: int):
+def print_n_newlines(n: int) -> None:
     for _ in range(n):
         print()
 
 
-def subroutine_1610():
+def subroutine_1610(A, AS, BS, LS) -> float:
     B = 3 / A * random.random()
     if B < 0.37:
         C = 0.5
@@ -43,23 +44,22 @@ def subroutine_1610():
     return C
 
 
-def FNC():
+def FNC(L: float, D: Dict[int, float], A: int) -> float:
     Q = (
         4.5 + L / 6 - (D[1] + D[2]) * 2.5 + 4 * D[4] + 2 * D[5] - (D[3] ** 2) / 120 - A
     ) * random.random()
     return Q
 
 
-print_n_whitespaces(34)
-print("BULL")
-print_n_whitespaces(15)
-print("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
+def print_header() -> None:
+    print_n_whitespaces(34)
+    print("BULL")
+    print_n_whitespaces(15)
+    print("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
+    print_n_newlines(2)
 
-print_n_newlines(2)
-L = 1
 
-Z = input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")
-if Z != "NO":
+def print_instructions() -> None:
     print("HELLO, ALL YOU BLOODLOVERS AND AFICIONADOS.")
     print("HERE IS YOUR BIG CHANCE TO KILL A BULL.")
     print()
@@ -79,29 +79,40 @@ if Z != "NO":
     print()
     print("THE BETTER THE JOB THE PICADORES AND TOREADORES DO,")
     print("THE BETTER YOUR CHANCES ARE.")
-print_n_newlines(2)
 
-D = {4: 1, 5: 1}
-LS = ["", "SUPERB", "GOOD", "FAIR", "POOR", "AWFUL"]
-A = random.randint(1, 5)
-print(f"YOU HAVE DRAWN A {LS[A]} BULL.")
-if A > 4:
+
+def print_intro() -> None:
+    print_header()
+    Z = input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")
+    if Z != "NO":
+        print_instructions()
+    print_n_newlines(2)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    print_intro()
+    L: float = 1
+    D: Dict[int, float] = {4: 1, 5: 1}
+    LS = ["", "SUPERB", "GOOD", "FAIR", "POOR", "AWFUL"]
+    A = random.randint(1, 5)
+    print(f"YOU HAVE DRAWN A {LS[A]} BULL.")
+    if A > 4:
         print("YOU'RE LUCKY.")
-elif A < 2:
+    elif A < 2:
         print("GOOD LUCK.  YOU'LL NEED IT.")
         print()
-print()
-AS = "PICADO"
-BS = "RES"
-C = subroutine_1610()
-D[1] = C
-AS = "TOREAD"
-BS = "ORES"
-subroutine_1610()
-D[2] = C
-print_n_newlines(2)
-D[3] = 0
-while True:
+    print()
+    AS = "PICADO"
+    BS = "RES"
+    C = subroutine_1610(A, AS, BS, LS)
+    D[1] = C
+    AS = "TOREAD"
+    BS = "ORES"
+    subroutine_1610(A, AS, BS, LS)
+    D[2] = C
+    print_n_newlines(2)
+    D[3] = 0
+    while True:
         D[3] = D[3] + 1  # 660
         print(f"PASS NUMBER {D[3]}")
         if D[3] >= 3:
@@ -140,7 +151,7 @@ while True:
                 elif E < 3:
                     break
             if E == 0:
-            M = 3
+                M: Union[int, float] = 3
             elif E == 1:
                 M = 2
             else:
@@ -215,8 +226,6 @@ while True:
             if death:
                 break
 
-
-def main():
     # 1310
     print_n_newlines(3)
     if D[4] == 0:
@@ -230,11 +239,11 @@ def main():
             print("THE CROWD CHEERS!")
             print()
         print("THE CROWD AWARDS YOU")
-        if FNC() < 2.4:
+        if FNC(L, D, A) < 2.4:
             print("NOTHING AT ALL.")
-        elif FNC() < 4.9:
+        elif FNC(L, D, A) < 4.9:
             print("ONE EAR OF THE BULL.")
-        elif FNC() < 7.4:
+        elif FNC(L, D, A) < 7.4:
             print("BOTH EARS OF THE BULL!")
             print("OLE!")
         else:

18_Bullseye/python/Bullseye.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import random
 
 
-def print_n_whitespaces(n: int):
+def print_n_whitespaces(n: int) -> None:
     print(" " * n, end="")
 
 
-def print_n_newlines(n: int):
+def print_n_newlines(n: int) -> None:
     for _ in range(n):
         print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_n_whitespaces(32)
     print("BULLSEYE")
     print_n_whitespaces(15)

19_Bunny/python/bunny.py

@@ -239,19 +239,19 @@ DATA = (
 )
 
 
-def display_intro():
+def display_intro() -> None:
     print(tab(33) + "BUNNY")
     print(tab(15) + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print("\n\n")
 
 
-def tab(column):
+def tab(column) -> str:
     """Emulates the TAB command in BASIC. Returns a string with ASCII
     codes for setting the cursor to the specified column."""
     return f"\r\33[{column}C"
 
 
-def play():
+def play() -> None:
     display_intro()
 
     # Using an iterator will give us a similar interface to BASIC's READ

20_Buzzword/python/buzzword.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 import random
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     WORDS = [
         [
             "Ability",

21_Calendar/python/calendar.py

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@
 #
 ########################################################
 
+from typing import Tuple
 
-def parse_input():
+
+def parse_input() -> Tuple[int, bool]:
     """
     function to parse input for weekday and leap year boolean
     """
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ def calendar(weekday, leap_year):
     print("\n")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 32 + "CALENDAR")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print("\n" * 11)

22_Change/python/change.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def print_thanks():
     print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("CHANGE")
     print_introduction()
 

23_Checkers/python/checkers.py

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ def play_game():
                 board.play_human_move(start_x, start_y, dest_x, dest_y)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("CHECKERS")
     print_instructions()
 

24_Chemist/python/chemist.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def show_ending():
     print(" YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIELD OF COMIC BOOK CHEMISTRY.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "CHEMIST")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

26_Chomp/python/chomp.py

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def play_game():
                 break
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "CHOMP")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
     print("THIS IS THE GAME OF CHOMP (SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, JAN 1973)")

28_Combat/python/combat.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ cpu_navy = 20000
 cpu_air = 22000
 
 
-def show_intro():
+def show_intro() -> None:
     global MAX_UNITS
 
     print(" " * 32 + "COMBAT")
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def show_intro():
     print("WE HAVE " + str(MAX_UNITS) + " SOLDIERS APIECE.")
 
 
-def get_forces():
+def get_forces() -> None:
     global usr_army, usr_navy, usr_air
 
     while True:
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def get_forces():
             break
 
 
-def attack_first():
+def attack_first() -> None:
     global usr_army, usr_navy, usr_air
     global cpu_army, cpu_navy, cpu_air
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def attack_first():
             cpu_army = int(2 * cpu_army / 3)
 
 
-def attack_second():
+def attack_second() -> None:
     global usr_army, usr_navy, usr_air, cpu_army, cpu_navy, cpu_air
     global plane_crash_win
     num_units = 0
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def attack_second():
         print("RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES AND LIVE IN PEACE.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     show_intro()
     get_forces()
     attack_first()

29_Craps/python/craps.py

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ appeared one day one a computer at DEC.
 from random import randint
 
 
-def throw_dice():
+def throw_dice() -> int:
     return randint(1, 6) + randint(1, 6)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "Craps")
     print(" " * 15 + "Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey")
     print()

30_Cube/python/cube.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def play_game() -> None:
     print("\nGoodbye.")
 
 
-def print_instructions():
+def print_instructions() -> None:
     print("\nThis is a game in which you will be playing against the")
     print("random decisions of the computer. The field of play is a")
     print("cube of side 3. Any of the 27 locations can be designated")

32_Diamond/python/diamond.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def print_diamond(begin_width, end_width, step, width, count):
         n += step
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "DIAMOND")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

33_Dice/python/dice.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 import random
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # We'll track counts of roll outcomes in a 13-element list.
     # The first two indices (0 & 1) are ignored, leaving just
     # the indices that match the roll values (2 through 12).

34_Digits/python/Digits.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import random
 
 
-def print_intro():
+def print_intro() -> None:
     print("                                DIGITS")
     print("              CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print("\n\n")
     print("THIS IS A GAME OF GUESSING.")
 
 
-def read_instruction_choice():
+def read_instruction_choice() -> bool:
     print("FOR INSTRUCTIONS, TYPE '1', ELSE TYPE '0' ? ")
     try:
         choice = int(input())
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def read_instruction_choice():
         return False
 
 
-def print_instructions():
+def print_instructions() -> None:
     print("\n")
     print("PLEASE TAKE A PIECE OF PAPER AND WRITE DOWN")
     print("THE DIGITS '0', '1', OR '2' THIRTY TIMES AT RANDOM.")
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def print_summary_report(running_correct: int):
         print("IT'S A TIE GAME.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_intro()
     if read_instruction_choice():
         print_instructions()
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ def main():
         l[0][0] = 2
         l[4][1] = 2
         l[8][2] = 2
-        z = 26
-        z1 = 8
+        z: float = 26
+        z1: float = 8
         z2 = 2
         running_correct = 0
 

35_Even_Wins/python/evenwins.py

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ def play_game():
             serious_error(f"play_game: unknown player {whose_turn}")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     global whose_turn
 
     welcome_screen()

38_Fur_Trader/python/furtrader.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import random  # for generating random numbers
 import sys  # for system function, like exit()
 
 # global variables for storing player's status
-player_funds = 0  # no money
+player_funds: float = 0  # no money
 player_furs = [0, 0, 0, 0]  # no furs
 
 

40_Gomoko/python/Gomoko.py

@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ def print_banner():
 def get_board_dimensions() -> int:
     n = 0
     while True:
-        n = input("WHAT IS YOUR BOARD SIZE (MIN 7/ MAX 19)? ")
-        n = int(n)
+        n = int(input("WHAT IS YOUR BOARD SIZE (MIN 7/ MAX 19)? "))
         if n < 7 or n > 19:
             print("I SAID, THE MINIMUM IS 7, THE MAXIMUM IS 19.")
             print()
@@ -61,10 +60,10 @@ def get_move() -> Tuple[int, int]:
     while True:
         xy = input("YOUR PLAY (I,J)? ")
         print()
-        x, y = xy.split(",")
+        x_str, y_str = xy.split(",")
         try:
-            x = int(x)
-            y = int(y)
+            x = int(x_str)
+            y = int(y_str)
         except Exception:
             print("ILLEGAL MOVE.  TRY AGAIN...")
             continue
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ def initialize_board(n: int) -> List[List[int]]:
     return board
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_banner()
 
     while True:
@@ -147,8 +146,7 @@ def main():
                                         print_board(board, n)
         print()
         print("THANKS FOR THE GAME!!")
-        repeat = input("PLAY AGAIN (1 FOR YES, 0 FOR NO)? ")
-        repeat = int(repeat)
+        repeat = int(input("PLAY AGAIN (1 FOR YES, 0 FOR NO)? "))
         if repeat == 0:
             break
 

41_Guess/python/guess.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def limit_set():
     return limit, limit_goal
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     limit, limit_goal = limit_set()
     while True:
         guess_count = 1

43_Hammurabi/python/hamurabi.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def b_input(promptstring):  # emulate BASIC input. It rejects non-numeric values
     return int(x)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     seed()
     title = "HAMURABI"
     title = title.rjust(32, " ")
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def main():
     print("FOR A TEN-YEAR TERM OF OFFICE.\n")
 
     D1 = 0
-    P1 = 0
+    P1: float = 0
     year = 0
     population = 95
     grain_stores = 2800

44_Hangman/python/hangman.py

@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ def play_game(guess_target):
                 break
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 32 + "HANGMAN")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
 

45_Hello/python/hello.py

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def happy_goodbye(user_name):
     print(f"NICE MEETING YOU, {user_name}, HAVE A NICE DAY.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "HELLO")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

46_Hexapawn/python/hexapawn.py

@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ def play_game():
             return
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("HEXAPAWN")
     if prompt_yes_no("INSTRUCTIONS (Y-N)?"):
         print_instructions()

48_High_IQ/python/High_IQ.py

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def move(board):
         return False
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "H-I-Q")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print_instructions()

50_Horserace/python/horserace.py

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def print_race_results(race_positions, odds, bets, player_names):
             basic_print(f"{name} WINS ${amount * odds[winning_horse_idx]}")
 
 
-def main_loop(player_names, horse_odds):
+def main_loop(player_names, horse_odds) -> None:
     """Main game loop"""
 
     while True:
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ def main_loop(player_names, horse_odds):
             break
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # introduction, player names and horse odds are only generated once
     introduction()
     player_names = setup_players()

52_Kinema/python/kinema.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def ask_player(question, answer):
     return score
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "KINEMA")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

54_Letter/python/letter.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def play_game():
             continue
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "LETTER")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

55_Life/python/life.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def get_pattern():
         c += 1
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("LIFE")
 
     pattern = get_pattern()

57_Literature_Quiz/python/litquiz.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def print_instructions():
     print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_centered("LITERATURE QUIZ")
     print_centered("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

58_Love/python/love.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ DATA = [
 ROW_LEN = sum(DATA[0])
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Display intro text
     print("\n                  Love")
     print("Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey")

59_Lunar_LEM_Rocket/python/lunar.py

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def run_simulation():
             capsule.update_state(sim_clock, delta_t, new_state)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("LUNAR")
     print_instructions()
     while True:

61_Math_Dice/python/mathdice.py

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def print_dice(n):
     print(" ----- ")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
 
     while True:
         d1 = randint(1, 6)

63_Name/python/name.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def is_yes_ish(answer):
     return False
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(34, "NAME")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

64_Nicomachus/python/nicomachus.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def play_game():
     print("LET'S TRY ANOTHER")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "NICOMA")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

65_Nim/python/Traditional_NIM.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class NIM:
         return sum == 0
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Game initialization
     game = NIM()
 

66_Number/python/number.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def fnr():
     return random.randint(1, 5)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(33, "NUMBER")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def main():
 
     print_instructions()
 
-    points = 100
+    points: float = 100
 
     while points <= 500:
         print("GUESS A NUMBER FROM 1 TO 5")

67_One_Check/python/onecheck.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ def tab(x):
     return " " * x
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
 
     # Initial instructions
     print(tab(30) + "ONE CHECK")

68_Orbit/python/orbit.py

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def play_game():
     return False
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_centered("ORBIT")
     print_centered("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

69_Pizza/python/pizza.py

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def play_game(num_turns, player_name):
                 break
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("PIZZA")
 
     player_name = print_instructions()

70_Poetry/python/poetry.py

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def pick_phrase():
     phrase = j + 1
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_centered("POETRY")
     print_centered("CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

74_Rock_Scissors_Paper/python/rockscissors.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def play_game():
     print("\nThanks for playing!!\n")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 21 + "GAME OF ROCK, SCISSORS, PAPER")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
 

75_Roulette/python/roulette.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import random
 from datetime import date
+from typing import List, Tuple
 
 global RED_NUMBERS
 RED_NUMBERS = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36]
 
 
-def print_instructions():
+def print_instructions() -> None:
     print(
         """
 THIS IS THE BETTING LAYOUT
@@ -59,69 +60,69 @@ THE MINIMUM BET IS $5, THE MAXIMUM IS $500.
     )
 
 
-def query_bets():
+def query_bets() -> Tuple[List[int], List[int]]:
     """Queries the user to input their bets"""
-    betCount = -1
-    while betCount <= 0:
+    bet_count = -1
+    while bet_count <= 0:
         try:
-            betCount = int(input("HOW MANY BETS? "))
+            bet_count = int(input("HOW MANY BETS? "))
         except Exception:
             ...
 
-    bet_IDs = [-1] * betCount
-    bet_Values = [0] * betCount
+    bet_ids = [-1] * bet_count
+    bet_values = [0] * bet_count
 
-    for i in range(betCount):
-        while bet_IDs[i] == -1:
+    for i in range(bet_count):
+        while bet_ids[i] == -1:
             try:
                 inString = input("NUMBER " + str(i + 1) + "? ").split(",")
-                id, val = int(inString[0]), int(inString[1])
+                id_, val = int(inString[0]), int(inString[1])
 
                 # check other bet_IDs
                 for j in range(i):
-                    if id != -1 and bet_IDs[j] == id:
-                        id = -1
+                    if id_ != -1 and bet_ids[j] == id_:
+                        id_ = -1
                         print("YOU ALREADY MADE THAT BET ONCE, DUM-DUM")
                         break
 
-                if id > 0 and id <= 50 and val >= 5 and val <= 500:
-                    bet_IDs[i] = id
-                    bet_Values[i] = val
+                if id_ > 0 and id_ <= 50 and val >= 5 and val <= 500:
+                    bet_ids[i] = id_
+                    bet_values[i] = val
             except Exception:
-                ...
-    return bet_IDs, bet_Values
+                pass
+    return bet_ids, bet_values
 
 
-def bet_results(bet_IDs, bet_Values, result):
+def bet_results(bet_ids: List[int], bet_values: List[int], result):
     """Computes the results, prints them, and returns the total net winnings"""
     total_winnings = 0
 
-    def get_modifier(id, num):
+    def get_modifier(id_: int, num: int) -> int:
         if (
-            (id == 37 and num <= 12)
-            or (id == 38 and num > 12 and num <= 24)
-            or (id == 39 and num > 24 and num < 37)
-            or (id == 40 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 1)
-            or (id == 41 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 2)
-            or (id == 42 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 0)
+            (id_ == 37 and num <= 12)
+            or (id_ == 38 and num > 12 and num <= 24)
+            or (id_ == 39 and num > 24 and num < 37)
+            or (id_ == 40 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 1)
+            or (id_ == 41 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 2)
+            or (id_ == 42 and num < 37 and num % 3 == 0)
         ):
             return 2
         elif (
-            (id == 43 and num <= 18)
-            or (id == 44 and num > 18 and num <= 36)
-            or (id == 45 and num % 2 == 0)
-            or (id == 46 and num % 2 == 1)
-            or (id == 47 and num in RED_NUMBERS)
-            or (id == 48 and num not in RED_NUMBERS)
+            (id_ == 43 and num <= 18)
+            or (id_ == 44 and num > 18 and num <= 36)
+            or (id_ == 45 and num % 2 == 0)
+            or (id_ == 46 and num % 2 == 1)
+            or (id_ == 47 and num in RED_NUMBERS)
+            or (id_ == 48 and num not in RED_NUMBERS)
         ):
             return 1
-        elif id < 37 and id == num:
+        elif id_ < 37 and id_ == num:
             return 35
         else:
             return -1
 
-    for i in range(len(bet_IDs)):
-        winnings = bet_Values[i] * get_modifier(bet_IDs[i], result)
+    for i in range(len(bet_ids)):
+        winnings = bet_values[i] * get_modifier(bet_ids[i], result)
         total_winnings += winnings
 
         if winnings >= 0:
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def bet_results(bet_IDs, bet_Values, result):
     return winnings
 
 
-def print_check(amount):
+def print_check(amount: int) -> None:
     """Prints a check of a given amount"""
     name = input("TO WHOM SHALL I MAKE THE CHECK? ")
 
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ def print_check(amount):
     print("-" * 72)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     player_balance = 1000
     host_balance = 100000
 
@@ -159,11 +160,11 @@ def main():
     print()
     print()
 
-    if stringtobool(input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")):
+    if string_to_bool(input("DO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS? ")):
         print_instructions()
 
     while True:
-        bet_IDs, bet_Values = query_bets()
+        bet_ids, bet_values = query_bets()
 
         print("SPINNING")
         print()
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def main():
             print(str(val) + " BLACK")
 
         print()
-        total_winnings = bet_results(bet_IDs, bet_Values, val)
+        total_winnings = bet_results(bet_ids, bet_values, val)
         player_balance += total_winnings
         host_balance -= total_winnings
 
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ def main():
             print("YOU BROKE THE HOUSE!")
             player_balance = 101000
             break
-        if not stringtobool(input("PLAY AGAIN? ")):
+        if not string_to_bool(input("PLAY AGAIN? ")):
             break
 
     if player_balance <= 0:
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ def main():
     print("COME BACK SOON!")
 
 
-def stringtobool(string):
+def string_to_bool(string: str) -> bool:
     """Converts a string to a bool"""
     return string.lower() in ("yes", "y", "true", "t", "yes")
 

76_Russian_Roulette/python/russianroulette.py

@@ -28,18 +28,16 @@ def initial_message():
     print("Here is a Revolver.")
 
 
-def parse_input():
-    correct_input = False
-    while not correct_input:
+def parse_input() -> int:
+    while True:
         try:
             i = int(input("? "))
-            correct_input = True
+            return i
         except ValueError:
             print("Number expected...")
-    return i
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     initial_message()
     while True:
         dead = False

77_Salvo/python/salvo.py

@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ computer_board = []
 # array representing the coordinates
 # for each ship for player and computer
 # array is in the same order as SHIPS
-player_ship_coords = []
 computer_ship_coords = []
 
 
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@ def execute_turn(turn, current_turn):
 ######################################
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # keep track of the turn
     current_turn = 0
 

78_Sine_Wave/python/sinewave.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import math
 import time
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Constants
     STRINGS = ("Creative", "Computing")  # Text to display
     MAX_LINES = 160
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def main():
     # "REMarkable program by David Ahl"
 
     string_index = 0
-    radians = 0
+    radians: float = 0
     width = CENTER - 1
 
     # "Start long loop"

79_Slalom/python/slalom.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def run(gates, lvl, max_speeds):
         medals["bronze"] += 1
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print("Slalom".rjust(39))
     print("Creative Computing Morristown, New Jersey\n\n\n".rjust(57))
 

80_Slots/python/slots.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def adjust_profits(wheel, m, profits):
     return profits
 
 
-def final_message(profits):
+def final_message(profits) -> None:
     if profits < 0:
         print("Pay up!  Please leave your money on the terminal")
     elif profits == 0:
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def final_message(profits):
         print("Collect your winings from the H&M cashier.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     profits = 0
     keep_betting = True
 

81_Splat/python/splat.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Ported in 2021 by Jonas Nockert / @lemonad
 """
 from math import sqrt
 from random import choice, random, uniform
+from typing import List
 
 PAGE_WIDTH = 72
 
@@ -293,10 +294,10 @@ def print_header():
     )
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header()
 
-    successful_jumps = []
+    successful_jumps: List[float] = []
     while True:
         chute_altitude = jump()
         if chute_altitude > 0:

82_Stars/python/stars.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def get_guess():
     return guess
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     # Display intro text
     print("\n                   Stars")
     print("Creative Computing  Morristown, New Jersey")

84_Super_Star_Trek/python/superstartrek.py

@@ -14,7 +14,13 @@
 
 import random
 from math import sqrt
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List
+
+# Global variables
+restart = False
+s = 0
+e = 0
+d: List[int] = []
 
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #  Utility functions
@@ -923,10 +929,10 @@ def end_game(won=False, quit=True, enterprise_killed=False):
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     global restart
 
-    f = {
+    f: Dict[str, Callable[[], None]] = {
         "NAV": navigation,
         "SRS": short_range_scan,
         "LRS": long_range_scan,

84_Super_Star_Trek/python/superstartrekins.py

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def print_instructions():
     print("        GALACTIC REGIONS REFERRED TO IN THE GAME.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header()
     if not get_yes_no("DO YOU NEED INSTRUCTIONS (Y/N)? "):
         return

85_Synonym/python/synonym.py

@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ def ask_question(question_number):
             return
 
 
-def finish():
+def finish() -> None:
     print()
     print("SYNONYM DRILL COMPLETED.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("SYNONYM")
     print_instructions()
 

86_Target/python/target.py

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def play_game():
         next_target()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_header("TARGET")
     print_instructions()
 

87_3-D_Plot/python/3dplot.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def equation(x: float) -> float:
     return 30 * exp(-x * x / 100)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 32 + "3D PLOT")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n\n\n\n")
 

90_Tower/python/tower.py

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class Game:
             from_tower.add(disk)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(
         """
     IN THIS PROGRAM, WE SHALL REFER TO DISKS BY NUMERICAL CODE.

91_Train/python/train.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def play_game():
         print("Good! Answer within", error_percent, "percent.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "TRAIN")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
     print("Time - speed distance exercise")

92_Trap/python/trap.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def play_game():
             break
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 34 + "TRAP")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
     if input("Instructions ").lower().startswith("y"):

93_23_Matches/python/23matches.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def play_game():
         prompt_human = "Your turn -- you may take 1, 2 or 3 matches.\nHow many do you wish to remove "
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 31 + "23 MATCHHES")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
     print("This is a game called '23 Matches'.\n")

94_War/python/war.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def play_game():
     print("\nThanks for playing. It was fun.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "WAR")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")
     print("This is the card game of war. Each card is given by suit-#")

95_Weekday/python/weekday.py

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def end():
         print()
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print_with_tab(32, "WEEKDAY")
     print_with_tab(15, "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY")
     print()

96_Word/python/word.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def play_game():
                 print("\nIf you give up, type '?' for you next guess.")
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     print(" " * 33 + "WORD")
     print(" " * 15 + "CREATIVE COMPUTING  MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY\n")