fix(vex): use a separate visited set for each DFS path (#9760)

pkg/vex/vex.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/log"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/sbom/core"
 	sbomio "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/sbom/io"
+	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/set"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/types"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/uuid"
 )
@@ -181,35 +182,38 @@ func reachRoot(leaf *core.Component, components map[uuid.UUID]*core.Component, p
 		return false
 	}
 
-	visited := make(map[uuid.UUID]bool)
-
 	// Use Depth First Search (DFS)
-	var dfs func(c *core.Component) bool
-	dfs = func(c *core.Component) bool {
+	var dfs func(c *core.Component, visited set.Set[uuid.UUID]) bool
+	dfs = func(c *core.Component, visited set.Set[uuid.UUID]) bool {
+
 		// Call the function with the current component and the leaf component
 		switch {
 		case notAffected(c, leaf):
 			return false
 		case c.Root:
 			return true
-		case lo.Every(lo.Keys(visited), parents[c.ID()]):
+		case set.New[uuid.UUID](parents[c.ID()]...).Difference(visited).Size() == 0:
 			// Should never go here, since all components except the root must have at least one parent and be related to the root component.
 			// If it does, it means the component tree is not connected due to a bug in the SBOM generation.
 			// In this case, so as not to filter out all the vulnerabilities accidentally, return true for fail-safe.
 			return true
 		}
 
-		visited[c.ID()] = true
+		visited.Append(c.ID())
 		for _, parent := range parents[c.ID()] {
-			if visited[parent] {
+			if visited.Contains(parent) {
 				continue
 			}
-			if dfs(components[parent]) {
+
+			// Each DFS path needs its own visited set,
+			// to avoid false positives in other paths
+			newVisited := visited.Clone()
+			if dfs(components[parent], newVisited) {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
 		return false
 	}
 
-	return dfs(leaf)
+	return dfs(leaf, set.New[uuid.UUID]())
 }

pkg/vex/vex_test.go

@@ -70,6 +70,20 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
+	baseFiles2Package = ftypes.Package{
+		ID:      "base-files2@5.3",
+		Name:    "base-files2",
+		Version: "5.3",
+		Identifier: ftypes.PkgIdentifier{
+			UID: "08",
+			PURL: &packageurl.PackageURL{
+				Type:      packageurl.TypeDebian,
+				Namespace: "debian",
+				Name:      "base-files2",
+				Version:   "5.3",
+			},
+		},
+	}
 	goModulePackage = ftypes.Package{
 		ID:           "github.com/aquasecurity/go-module@v1.0.0",
 		Name:         "github.com/aquasecurity/go-module",
@@ -572,7 +586,7 @@ repositories:
 					Sources: []vex.Source{
 						{
 							Type:     vex.TypeFile,
-							FilePath: "testdata/openvex-multiple.json",
+							FilePath: "testdata/openvex-oci.json",
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -585,6 +599,37 @@ repositories:
 				}),
 			}),
 		},
+		{
+			name: "check one parent from multiple dependency paths",
+			args: args{
+				// - oci:debian?tag=12
+				//     - pkg:deb/debian/base-files@5.3
+				//        - pkg:deb/debian/bash@5.3
+				//     - pkg:deb/debian/base-files2@5.3
+				//        - pkg:deb/debian/bash@5.3
+				report: imageReport([]types.Result{
+					bashPackagesResult(types.Result{
+						Vulnerabilities: []types.DetectedVulnerability{
+							vuln3,
+						},
+					}),
+				}),
+				opts: vex.Options{
+					Sources: []vex.Source{
+						{
+							Type:     vex.TypeFile,
+							FilePath: "testdata/openvex-oci.json",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			want: imageReport([]types.Result{
+				bashPackagesResult(types.Result{
+					Vulnerabilities:  []types.DetectedVulnerability{},
+					ModifiedFindings: []types.ModifiedFinding{modifiedFinding(vuln3, vulnerableCodeNotInExecutePath, "testdata/openvex-oci.json")},
+				}),
+			}),
+		},
 		{
 			name: "unknown format",
 			args: args{
@@ -705,6 +750,26 @@ func bashResult(result types.Result) types.Result {
 	return result
 }
 
+func bashPackagesResult(result types.Result) types.Result {
+	result.Type = ftypes.Debian
+	result.Class = types.ClassOSPkg
+
+	bashPkg := clonePackage(bashPackage)
+	baseFilesPkg := clonePackage(baseFilesPackage)
+	baseFiles2Pkg := clonePackage(baseFiles2Package)
+
+	baseFilesPkg.DependsOn = []string{bashPkg.ID}
+	baseFiles2Pkg.DependsOn = []string{bashPkg.ID}
+
+	result.Packages = []ftypes.Package{
+		bashPkg,
+		baseFilesPkg,
+		baseFiles2Pkg,
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
 func infinityLoopOSPackagesResult(result types.Result) types.Result {
 	result.Type = ftypes.Debian
 	result.Class = types.ClassOSPkg